January 16, 2023

The City We Claim: Mobility in Mexico City

This article, translated from Spanish, was guest authored by Pablo Montaño, Producer and Writer of “El Tema” (The Topic), a Spanish-language web series focused on the climate crisis that features ITDP Mexico in an episode on Mobility.

It is a reality that our cities would look very different today if it were not for our dependency on fossil fuels. The global fossil-fuel driven development model has made our cities overly reliant on the consumption of cheap, emissions-heavy energy in excessive quantities. It was in this way that the cobblestone roads meant for walking and gathering were replaced by inaccessible, multi-lane urban highways, just as parks and lawns were losing permeability to become depots for private cars.

At the same time, natural environments increasingly gave way to suburban subdivisions serviced primarily by a growing network of highways that have served to divide and disconnect communities. Behind this, and many other perilous urban phenomena, is the fossil-fuel model that has spurred unchecked emissions from transportation and industries that continue to exacerbate the current climate crisis. It is in our global cities where the elements that have paved the way for the current crisis are the most exposed and so, for this reason, it is also in our cities where solutions for creating a more livable planet are possible.

Cities like Mexico City would look very different today if it were not for our dependency on fossil fuels for transportation. Photo: La Corriente del Golfo

In our “El Tema” documentary series, the Mobility episode addresses the inexhaustible complexity of Mexico City’s mobility and transport systems. Although it is ambitious to cover the impacts and consequences of how more than 30 million people move about in a city within just 10 minutes of interviews and reflections, the episode poses an important dichotomy for conversation: collective solutions or individual failures. Individualization brings with it the consequences of inequality, inefficiency, and differentiated impacts. A large collective such as a megacity must have mobility systems consistent with its size and needs; fragmenting the transport system to respond to individual desires has led us to cities divided by streets and roads loaded with noise, safety hazards, and pollutants.

The city itself is a living mechanism — it is a territory with cycles, fauna, and flora. The theory of “reductionism” in urban development sees the city as a blank sheet of paper, a sum of human constructs: a unit of apartments on the one hand, combined with an industrial zone and bounded by a park, or an office zone on the other hand. This dialogue hardly stops to ask how we can recover the natural course of the city’s flow, how we can connect sites of greatest biodiversity with more green corridors, or how the wildlife that inhabits a dying wetland can reach a network of small urban parks. The city is in need of a vision that conceives it as alive, latent, permeable.

Filming the "El Tema" episode on Mobility with actor/producer Gael García Bernal and local transport activists. Photo: La Corriente del Golfo

More than a decade ago in 2011, a “Towards Car Free Cities” conference took place in Guadalajara where a speaker, whose name I have forgotten, proclaimed that Mexico City was beyond any solutions. In his limited view, the inertia of destructive development decisions was too great to be reversed. His main issues were two-fold: a profound lack of imagination, where his solutions fell short or were useless in the face of the particularities of the city, and two, that this was not his house. To quote someone whose name I do remember, “Your home is always going to be worth it.” This is how Mary Annaise Heglar, a climate justice advocate, titles a beautiful 2019 piece about our inability to give up in the face of odds that sometimes seem to be insurmountable. She continues: “If I can salvage just one blade of grass, I will do it. I will make a world out of it. And I will live in it and for it.”

We need to reimagine our cities as places where walking, cycling, and sustainable mobility are prioritized over cars. Photo: La Corriente del Golfo

The climate crisis gives us no room for “almost solutions” — the margin for error has already been squandered by decades of inaction. But beyond the discouraging news that usually dominates the climate conversation, there is also a window for collective imagination, for ambitious dreams, and for an enlightened urban vision. We can dream of a city, once dominated by cars, that becomes the main builder of bicycle lanes on the continent; a cooperative of electric-assist bicycle cabs that recharge with solar energy; a collective of cyclists that invites us to rediscover the sunrises in the middle of chinampas in Tláhuac; cable cars that allow older people to return to the places that the slopes and age have denied them; and bridges and highways that can be demolished when there is reason enough to condemn the roads we should never have taken.

Nothing less will serve to break our condemnation — nothing less than the powerful certainty that the city we dream of is in fact very, very close. The “El Tema” series gives us glimpses of spaces in Mexico City where the people have claimed a new urban vision and, as all of our communities deserve, where the people continue to defend it.

View the full “El Tema” Mobility episode in Spanish below (subtitles available):

The following is the original article in Spanish.

La ciudad que reclamamos

Pablo Montaño, Guionista y productor de El Tema y coordinador de la organización Conexiones Climáticas

La realidad es que nuestras ciudades no se verían como hoy lo hacen de no ser por los combustibles fósiles. El modelo de desarrollo fósil hizo a nuestras ciudades adictas al consumo de la energía barata y en excesivas cantidades; fue de esta forma que las calzadas empedradas fueron sustituidas por autopistas urbanas de varios carriles, como los parques y prados fueron perdiendo permeabilidad para convertirse en depósitos de autos inertes, fue así como los bosques vecinos y los campos de cultivo se volvieron opción de fraccionamientos suburbanos conectados por autopistas condenadas al colapso. Detrás de estos y muchos otros fenómenos están los combustibles y el modelo de consumo que dio origen a la crisis del clima. Es en las ciudades donde los elementos detonantes de esta crisis están expuestos, por esa misma razón, es desde las ciudades donde la lucha por un planeta vivible resulta esencial.

En el  documental de El Tema, el episodio de movilidad aborda la inagotable complejidad de la movilidad de la Ciudad de México, si bien, resulta ambicioso pretender cubrir las aristas y consecuencias de cómo se transportan más de 30 millones de personas en tan solo 10 minutos de entrevistas y reflexiones, los personajes presentan una dicotomía clave para esta conversación: solución colectiva o fracaso individual. La individualización arrastra las consecuencias de desigualdad, ineficiencia e impactos diferenciados. Una gran colectividad como lo es una megalópolis debe contar con sistemas de movilidad consecuentes con ella, fragmentar el transporte para responder a aparentes deseos individuales nos llevo a construir ciudades segmentadas por ríos violentos, cargados de ruido, peligro y contaminantes.

La ciudad está viva, es un territorio con sus ciclos, fauna y flora; la obsesión del urbanismo reduccionista ve la ciudad como una hoja en blanco, una suma de constructos humanos: una unidad de departamentos por un lado, combinada con una zona industrial y acotada por un parque o una zona de oficinas; difícilmente se detiene la discusión para preguntarse cómo se puede recuperar el cauce natural de un río, cómo conectar los sitios de mayor biodiversidad con corredores verdes o de qué manera los tlacuaches que habitan un humedal agonizante podrían llegar a una red de pequeños parques urbanos. La ciudad está urgida de ojos que la conciban viva, latente, permeable.

Hace más de una década en un congreso Towards Car Free Cities en Guadalajara (Hacia Ciudades Libres de Autos), un conferencista, cuyo nombre afortunadamente he olvidado, condenaba que la Ciudad de México estaba más allá de cualquier solución; a su limitado parecer, la inercia de decisiones destructivas era demasiado grande para revertirse. Sus principales problemas eran dos: una profunda falta de imaginación, donde sus soluciones quedaban cortas o inservibles frente a las particularidades de la CDMX, y dos, que esa no era su casa. Citando a alguien cuyo nombre sí recuerdo, “tu casa siempre va a valer la pena”, así titula Mary Annaise Heglar un texto hermoso sobre nuestra imposibilidad de rendirnos ante probabilidades que en ocasiones resultan aplastantes. “Si puedo salvar un solo brote de hierba, lo haré. Construiré un mundo a partir de él y viviré en él y por él.”

La crisis climática no nos da espacio para “casi soluciones”, el margen de error se despilfarró en décadas de inacción. Pero más allá del desánimo que suele dominar esta conversación, la invitación es a la imaginación colectiva, a los sueños ambiciosos (los mesurados no sirven), a soñar travesuras urbanas: una ciudad dominada por autos que se vuelve la principal constructora de ciclovías del continente; una cooperativa de ciclotaxis asistidos por electricidad que se recargan con energía solar; un colectivo de ciclistas que invita a redescubrir los amaneceres en medio de chinampas en Tláhuac; teleféricos que permiten que adultos mayores vuelvan a los lugares que fueron suyos, esos que las pendientes y la edad les negaron; y puentes y segundos pisos que pueden ser demolidos cuando la razón alcance para condenar el camino que nunca debimos haber tomado.

Nada menos servirá para romper nuestra condena, nada menos que la potente certeza de que la ciudad que soñamos está muy, pero muy cerca; El Tema nos da chispazos de sitios donde la han reclamado y donde ahora, como todo territorio merece, la defienden.

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