Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

Promoting sustainable and equitable transportation worldwide

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TOD Standard

June 23, 2017

The TOD Standard is a powerful tool to help shape and assess urban development. It focuses on maximizing the benefits of public transit and non-motorized mobility while placing the emphasis firmly back on the users: people.

The Standard outlines eight core principles of urban design and land use, each supported by specific performance objectives and easily measurable indicators, or metrics. Together, they promote safe, balanced and vibrant neighborhoods around stations; short and well-connected pedestrian and cycling networks; densities that ensure strong customer bases for local services and public transport; and minimal car traffic and parking interference.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is an answer to the unsustainable, car-dependant, and transit-poor urban sprawl that has characterized the growth of cities around the world in the last century. It also contrasts with transit-adjacent development that fails to foster the strong walking and cycling environment needed to complement and actively support the use of transit.

The Standard is addressed to a broad range of technical and non-technical audiences including policy makers, planners, city officials, developers, architects, urban designers, landscape designers, civil engineers, civil society organizations, and the interested public. By providing a way to quickly evaluate the planning and design components that are key to successful TOD, the Standard fills a critical gap in the instruments available in the urgent task of providing the world’s rising urban population with healthy living places.

* Version 3.0 was updated in June 2017, replacing versions 1.0, 2.0, and 2.1

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Version 3.0 of the Standard is also available in:

Bahasa

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Portuguese

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Chinese

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Spanish

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Version 2.1 of the Standard is available in:
Português
Español
Pусский
Chinese
Indonesian

Additional Resources:
TOD Score Calculator
Calculadora de puntaje

Europe’s Parking U-Turn: From Accommodation to Regulation

January 18, 2011

Screen Shot 2014-01-07 at 9.57.56 AM
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Source: Michael Kodransky and Gabrielle Hermann

This paper is the second in a series of policy papers from ITDP on parking. The first paper, released in Spring 2010, focused on successful parking practices in U.S. cities. This paper reviews successful parking practices in European cities.

Parking management is a critical and often overlooked tool for achieving a variety of social goals. For much of the 20th Century, cities in Europe (like cities in the rest of the world) used parking policy mainly to encourage the construction of additional off-street parking, hoping to ease a perceived shortage of parking.

In the last few decades a growing number of European cities have led the world in changing the direction of parking policy. European citizens grew tired of having public spaces and footpaths occupied by surface parking. Each parking space consumes from 15 m2 to 30 m2, and the average motorist uses two to five different parking spaces every day. In dense European cities, a growing number of citizens began to question whether dedicating scarce public space to car parking was wise social policy, and whether encouraging new buildings to build parking spaces was a good idea. No matter how many new parking garages and motorways they built, the traffic congestion only grew worse, and as much as 50% of traffic congestion was caused by drivers cruising around in search of a cheaper parking space.

In the cities reviewed here, parking policy has been reoriented around alternative social goals. Some recent parking reforms are driven by the need to comply with EU ambient air quality or national greenhouse gas targets. Other new parking policies are part of broader mobility targets encouraging reductions in the use of private motor vehicles. While London, Stockholm, and a few other European cities have managed to implement congestion charging to reduce motor vehicle use, more are turning to parking.

The BRT Planning Guide

June 1, 2007

The Bus Rapid Transit Planning Guide is the most comprehensive resource for planning a bus rapid transit (BRT) system, beginning with project preparation all the way through to implementation.

Beginning with an overview of BRT, the Planning Guide proceeds to give a step-by-step description of the planning process, including operational design, financial modeling, physical design, multi-modal and land use integration, business plan development, communications and marketing, contracting, vehicle and fare collection technology, evaluation, and implementation.

The BRT Planning Guide is intended as a guidance document mainly for planning and engineering professionals. However, others, such as non-governmental organizations, national and regional policymakers, and business groups, will find it a valuable resource as well, when advocating for their issues and finding solutions to the problems that they are addressing.

It is the culmination of years of efforts to document and improve the state of the art in cost-effective public transport solutions for cities. This edition, expanded to over 800 pages, includes contributions from a wide range of professionals and practitioners with direct experience in designing and implementing BRT systems all over the world.

BRT systems have proven to be catalysts in transforming cities into more livable and human-friendly environments. The appeal of BRT is the ability to deliver a high-quality mass transit system within the budgets of most municipalities, even in low-income cities. Planning and implementing a good BRT system is not easy. This guide aims to make the task a little easier.

The Bus Rapid Transit Planning Guide is copyrighted by the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP). It is intended for technical and educational use only and may not be used for commercial purposes. It may not be reprinted or modified without the explicit authorization of ITDP.

The BRT Planning Guide is co-edited by Lloyd Wright, Executive Director of Viva; and Walter Hook, Executive Director of the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP). It was developed through support from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Global Environment Facility/United Nations Environment Programme, and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH.

BRT Planning Guide
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The guide is also available in:
Português
Español
Chinese
России

Additional Resources:
Sample Operator Contract and Infrastructure Cost Calculator

Скоростные автобусные перевозки (САП): Руководство по планированию

March 1, 2007

BRT Planning Guide Cover, Russian
Основные положения (Introduction)

Подготовка проекта (Project Preparation)

Разработка режима работы  (Operational Design)

Разработка пространства  (Physical Design)

Интеграция (Integration)

Бизнес-план (Business Plan)

Настоящее Руководство по планированию скоростных автобусных перевозок (САП)содержит наиболее полную информацию о планировании системы, начиная с подготовки проекта и заканчивая его реализацией. 

Системы скоростных автобусных перевозок зарекомендовали себя в качестве катализаторов преобразования городов в более пригодные и приятные для проживания людей места. Привлекательность таких систем состоит в том, что они способны обеспечивать высококачественные массовые перевозки пассажиров в рамках бюджетов большинства муниципалитетов, в том числе и городов с низкими доходами. Планирование и ввод в эксплуатацию хорошей системы скоростных автобусных перевозок – непростая задача. Данное Руководство призвано несколько ее облегчить.

В начале этого руководства по планированию представлена обзорная информации о системах скоростных автобусных перевозок. Затем здесь пошагово описываются процесс планирования, включая проектирование на эксплуатационном уровне, финансовое моделирование, проектирование на физическом уровне, мультимодальная интеграцию и интеграция в системы землепользования, разработка бизнес-плана, деловые контакты и маркетинг, заключение договоров, технологии транспортных средств, сбор оплаты за проезд, а также оценка и реализация.

Настоящее Руководство по планированию скоростных автобусных перевозок предназначено для использования в качестве инструкции, прежде всего, профессионалами в области планирования, проектирования и конструирования. Однако и другие пользователи, такие как неправительственные организации, ответсвенные политические лица на общенациональном и региональном уровнях, а также бизнес-группы, сочтут это руководство ценным источником информации в процессе отстаивания собственных позиций и поиска решений в проблемах, которыми они занимаются.

Данная редакция руководства является расширенной и насчитывает более 1000 страниц. Она составлена при участии широкого круга профессионалов и специалистов-практиков, имеющих непосредственный опыт проектирования и создания систем скоростных автобусных перевозок по всему миру.

Все права, связанные с настоящим Руководством по планированию скоростного скоростных автобусных перевозок, защищены Институтом политики транспорта и развития (InstituteforTransportationandDevelopmentPolicy, ITDP). Данное Руководство предназначено исключительно для использования в технических и образовательных целях. Использование его в коммерческих целях воспрещается. Переиздание настоящего Руководства либо внесение в него изменений возможно только при согласии Института политики транспорта и развития.

Соредакторами данного Руководства по планированию являются господин Ллойд Райт исполнительный директор Viva, и господин Уолтер Хук, исполнительный директор Института политики транспорта и развития (ITDP). Руководство было разработано при содействии фонда WilliamandFloraHewlettFoundation, Глобального экологического фонда / Программы Организации Объединенных Наций по окружающей среде, и германского общества по международному сотрудничеству Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH.

Перевод на русский язык был подготовлен в рамках проекта «Климатически благоприятная мобильность в украинских городах». Данный проект реализуется силами GIZ по заказу Министерства окружающей среды, охраны природы и безопасности ядерных реакторов Федеративной Республики Германия в контексте Международной инициативы по защите климата. Более подробная информация размещена на сайте: www.mobilnist.org.ua/home

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